School Australia and 1967 Referendum Essay

School Australia and 1967 Referendum Essay School: Australia and 1967 Referendum Essay 1967 Referendum: * The Australian Constitution in 1901 made only two references to Aboriginal people and both of these references were aimed at excluding them from participation in the life of the new nation. * Section 127 of the Constitution said that ‘in reckoning the number of the people in the Commonwealth, aboriginal natives shall not be counted’. Aboriginal people were not to be counted in the census. * Section 51 of the Constitution gave the federal government the power to pass laws about ‘the people of any race other than the aboriginal race in any State’. This meant that responsibility for the welfare of Aboriginal Australians, except for Aboriginals living in Australian territories, was a state matter. * Aboriginal Australians were subjected to different laws depending on where they lived. * Different state laws and regulations saw Aboriginal people with rights in one state that were denied in others. * The demand grew for Aboriginal people to be counted in the Australian census and for responsibility for Aboriginal affairs to become a federal government responsibility. * To include Aboriginal Australians in the census and to give the Commonwealth government power to make laws of behalf of Aboriginal people required a change to the Constitution. To change the Constitution required a referendum. * In 1967 the Holt government agreed to hold this referendum. * All political parties at the time agreed to the inclusion of Aboriginal people in the census and giving the Commonwealth the power to implement policy and pass laws regarding Aboriginal issues. * Through advertising and the media, and particularly in the booklets sent to homes outlining the issue and arguments. * the governm ent and the opposition urged a ‘Yes’ response in the referendum. As a result, almost 91 per cent of Australians voted to allow the Constitution to be changed. * Before 1967 the states had exclusive powers to make laws for Aboriginal people within their boundaries. * After 1967 both the states and the Commonwealth had that power. If laws of the Commonwealth and the states were in

9 Steps for Displaying a Living Christmas Tree

9 Steps for Displaying a Living Christmas Tree Some people  really hate to buy a tree only to turn around and throw it away. You may be one of them.  Displaying a potted  living Christmas tree  can perk up the season and can provide a tree for your yard or landscape a few days after the holiday, to commemorate an extra-special season.  A containerized Colorado blue spruce  is especially good for preserving if you live in an area where it thrives. Your local nursery can advise you on the type to purchase for your landscape. It  is not hard to keep a potted tree alive long enough to  plant,  but you need to be careful in following these recommendations exactly to improve the  trees survival chances. For one, it can be inside  only  from four to  10  days. You also need to expect to give the tree several days of your attention before and after bringing  it  inside.   Advance Prep Local nurseries will have potential conifers that can be purchased several months in advance for delivery near Christmas.  If you live in a climate where the ground  freezes, you  need to dig  a planting hole during moderate temperatures because the tree needs to be planted shortly after Christmas. No matter the climate, youll want to know where the tree will go to  ensure that it will thrive  (with the proper soil, sun, etc.). Caring for a Living Christmas Tree Your tree will come in a container with soil or as a bare-root tree that is  balled in burlap (b-n-b). If its a b-n-b tree, youll need mulch and a bucket to bring it indoors.  But first, you start in the garage. Gradually  over time, introduce your living tree from outside to inside. Take three or four days using the garage or enclosed porch for acclimatization. A tree that is dormant and exposed to immediate warmth will start to grow. You want to avoid any quick resumption of growth.  Youll also need to reverse the acclimation process exactly to plant the tree after the holiday  celebration.While the tree is on your porch or garage, check for insects and insect egg masses.Visit your nearest lawn and garden supply store and purchase a spray with an anti-desiccant or anti-wilt chemical to minimize needle loss. Use it while the tree is in the garage. This particular product also prevents  the loss of valuable moisture  for the tree coming into a climate-controlled home.  When finally taking the tree inside, locate your tree in the coolest part of the room and away from heat ducts, to keep the tree moist.Place the tree in its container in a large galvanized tub or a comparable item, keeping the  root ball  intact. Stabilize the tree in the tub in a straight and vertical position using rocks or bricks.  This tub confines water and needles into a more manageable and cleanable space. It will also contain any mess you might have and limit problems associated with a live tree inside the home.   If it is a b-n-b tree, place it in a smaller container inside the tub, if it doesnt fit the tub snugly. Fill any empty space around and on top of the root ball with mulch to retain as much moisture as possible.  Water your tree in its container directly as often as necessary to moisten the roots, but do not get them soggy. Never overwater beyond moist.Leave your tree inside no longer than seven to 10 days (some experts suggest only four days). Never add nutrients or fertilizers, as they may initiate growth, which you dont want to occur in a dormant tree.Carefully introduce tree back outside using the reverse procedure of keeping it in your garage for a few days, and then plant it in the ground.

Ethics in Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Ethics in Financial Markets - Essay Example Futures have a tendency to goad traders to borrow money so as to purchase the commodity making the deal to go sour should the price of the commodity dip, hence has a major impact on the   stocks and the overall economy as a whole. Another form of the financial market is the Hedge fund.   Hedge funds have over the years become popular due to the high returns it offers to the high end investor.   Hedge funds do invest heavily in the futures and some analysts have argued that they help check the volatility of the stock market and in extension the US economy. Hedge funds though are being blamed for the 2009 recession. Financial markets therefore do involve the financial institutions that are the banks, insurance companies, stock brokers and other closely related institutions.  Ethics is perceived as a set of societal standards of conduct and moral judgment that encompasses the norms of a given community. Ethics are a personal set of values used by an individual, a group or a prof ession;  Ã‚   so as to guide them in their action and help them fulfill or carry out their obligation. Its subjective rather that objective and its relative to our perception of reality   dependent on circumstances and life   experiences of the individual or group, thus making it a continuously evolving   code of conduct. It addresses issues pertaining to morality, i.e. good and bad; right or wrong etc.   Capitalism has been accused to be Darwinian in nature due to the market volatility that is brought by competition and the natural forces of demand and supply.  ... Its subjective rather that objective and its relative to our perception of reality dependent on circumstances and life experiences of the individual or group, thus making it a continuously evolving code of conduct. It addresses issues pertaining to morality, i.e. good and bad; right or wrong etc. BODY Financial markets ride on the premise of free market where the market is left to regulate and correct itself based on the principle of demand and supply enhanced through competition. The cost of the goods and services plus the overall state of the market is determined through the action of consumers and suppliers. Capitalism has been accused to be Darwinian in nature due to the market volatility that is brought by competition and the natural forces of demand and supply. Companies that are fit do survive while those that are unfit collapse especially during a recession. During recession bad debts is wiped out of the market leaving those who remain the task of rebuilding the market making the process to be cyclic and this is how market correction occurs. Competitive markets has made companies to do everything in their power so as to maximize profits by engaging in monopolistic practices, offering minimum wages and commercialization of everything making capitalism to be amoral as it pri zes the self above others and the natural checks and balance that capitalist have been advocating for in most cases than not has always not emerged. Capitalism is generally volatile thus fails from time to time and the correction mechanism has proven to be wanting during financial crisis prompting governments to artificial correct the markets.This counters the notion of

Metallgesellschaft Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Metallgesellschaft - Case Study Example MGRM's Supervisory Board avoided bankruptcy by liquidating its forward delivery positions in December 1993. MGRM had begun to experience significant growth since 1989 when it acquired 49% stake in Caste Energy as part of its efforts to become a fully integrated oil business in the United States. As MGRM continued to make a series of costly expansions, its fixed-assets values tripled between 1989 and 1991. In a continuing effort to expand its US business, MGRM entered in to forward delivery contracts with Energy end-users at historic low prices during the summer of 1993. However, these contracts exposed MGRM to the risk of rising energy prices. To hedge this price risk, MGRM acquired energy futures at NYMEX and entered into OTC swaps with large OTC swap dealers. However, since future markets do not trade in very long term (10 years in this case), MGRM's strategy was to concentrate its derivatives positions in stacks or short-dated futures. Similarly the swaps had to be rolled forward continuously. MGRM's strategy exposed it to various risks. Its short-dated positions left it exposed to rollover risk. If the prices had risen, MGRM would have made substantial profits. And the opposite was true in case of the prices falling. However historically, energy prices have always shown an upward trend. Over a period of ten years prior to 1993, the energy market had been predominantly in backwardation. MGRM was betting on Energy prices continuing to rise. However, as shown by Edwards and Canter, its rollover risk was only about 15% of its price risk. Had the market been in backwardation, MGRM would have made handsome profits. But in 1993, crude oil was in contango every month, heating oil was in contango every month except March and April and gasoline was in contango every month except August. As a result, MGRM made substantial rollover losses during 1993. MGRM was also exposed to funding risk since its strategy was that of one-to-one hedge instead of a "minimum variance" hedge. This strategy would have worked had there been a one-to-one relationship between forward and spot energy prices. In that case, a fall in the spot prices would have been balanced by an equal and opposite change in the value of its forward delivery contracts. However, as shown by Edwards and Canter, a one-to-one relationship between spot and forward prices does not exist in the energy market. MGRM was also exposed to credit risk due to the long duration of its forward-supply contracts. And once the prices started to fall, this risk further increased as with the increased disparity in spot and contractually fixed price, the risk of the smaller firms defaulting also increased. Finally, MGRM was also exposed to basis risk due to the one-to-one hedge ratio. The timing of the investment in derivatives also went against MGRM. As stated above, 1993 proved to be disastrous year with energy market in contango for most part of the year. The huge size of MGRM's rollover trade was also responsible for increasing these risks. MGRM's huge holdings, equivalent to 160 million barrels, meant that other firms would have looked at MGRM before taking any steps. The size of MGRM's rollover trade could have also been indirectly responsible for pushing down energy prices. Hedging or Speculating There is some debate over whether MGRM's strategy was hedging or speculation. Culp and

Napoleon and the French Revolution Essay Example for Free

Napoleon and the French Revolution Essay Some of historys greatest rulers such as Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great, and Joseph II have been considered to be enlightened despot. One of these was also Napoleon Bonaparte. They ways by which Napoleon has been considered to be a despot are through his economic policies, religious and educational policies, and the Code Napoleon. The term enlightened despot has been used to describe many great rulers, but it might be misinterpreted. The word enlightened means to be influenced by the values and ideas of the Enlightenment. Also, the word despot is defined as to exercise dictatorial authority. Considering the definitions of these two words, the term enlightened despot would be defined as a person who believes to be influenced by the ideas of Enlightenment and exercises authority similar to that of a dictator. Napoleon had many accomplishments through his economic policies, such as establishing the Bank of France and reorganizing and centralizing tax collection. He also established the Continental System, which attempted to block England from continental trade. Napoleon also put into effect the Berlin Decree in 1816, which  prohibited trade with England. In 1807, the Milan Decree was passed which stated that any ship which traded or even been stopped by the British Navy was to be confiscated. French manufacturing was wholly unable to makeup for the loss of British goods. Soon afterwards, the French manufacturers and merchants began to resent the restrictions. Napoleon regarded his allies and conquered territories as a source for raw materials, conscripts, and a market for French goods. Eventually, Napoleons economic policies contributed to his fall. Religious and educational policies were also part of Napoleons accomplishments, which lead for him to be the greatest enlightened despot. One of the religious policies was the Concordat of 1801, which gave the Catholic Church special status. The Concordat also gave power to the government to nominate bishops who then had the power to appoint the priests. One of Napoleons educational policies was the establishment of the  Lycà ©es, which were state run elite secondary schools. The curriculum was to glorify Napoleon and teach obedience. He also founded the École Polytechnique, which was an engineering school. The final way by, which Napoleon became a despot, is through his Code Napoleon. It codified and reconciled the customary law of northern France with Roman law of the South. The Code Napoleon also provided equality of all before the law, religious freedom, and freedom of work, which reaffirmed the Le Chapelier law banning workers associations. A benefit of the Code Napoleon was that workers were not allowed to strike and were required to carry passports that could be checked by government officials or employers. Napoleon could be considered a sexist because the Code stated that a womans income would pass to her husbands family and not to hers. Another thing was that women workers wages did not belong to them; instead it belonged to their husband. Napoleon said, In France, women are considered too highly. They should not be regarded as equal to men. In reality they are nothing more than machines for producing children. This is an example of Napoleons discrimination towards women, which also relates to him being an enlightened despot. Rulers such as Peter the Great, Catherine the Great, Frederick the Great, and Joseph II have all been considered to be enlightened despots, but Napoleon Bonaparte is known to be the greatest enlightened despot until today. In a pattern similar to other despots, the people of France loved Napoleon at first, but enough they began to hate him. The ways through which he became the greatest enlightened despot are economic policies, religious and education policies, and the Code Napoleon. Only time will be able to show us if there a greater enlightened despot than Napoleon Bonaparte.

Parking the Car :: Short Story New York Papers

Parking the Car Today has been like most days. I wandered in a dreamlike state from class to class, across a campus with falling fiery leaves, up three flights of beer-stained stairs, into a room littered with the debris of my chaotic existence, and straight back into a chronically unmade bed. I chased images and thoughts in my mind, getting nowhere, while faintly aware of music drifting from my computer. I closed my eyes without trying, and dreamt without sleeping, and thought without thinking real thoughts. I spent as much time luxuriating in nothingness as I could, before the bar of guilt and responsibility clamped down on my shoulders, compelling me to do homework, to think about thinking. Now it is back to nothingness. I am lying on our dorm room floor delighting in an unexpected snack. "This is damn good stuff," I say, shoving a tortilla heaped in salsa into my greedy mouth. "This is amazing," Thea agrees, shutting her eyes to intensify the already orgasmic experience of eating homemade chunky salsa. I disregard the desperate and pained pleas of my hall mates as small pieces of tomato fly from my overloaded tortilla onto the rug. The poor chip is terribly weighed down and breaking under the pressure, causing salsa to slide off on all sides. I remember that in a moment of frenzied sanitary obsession last week, I actually cleaned the toilet. There is, therefore, no reason to be clean now. I recline in a salsa-induced stupor, squinting in vague curiosity at a plate of cookies in the kitchen. I try to ignore them, but I just can't. Eat us, they hiss. I saunter lethargically into the kitchen and engage in a momentary face-off with the provocative plate of cookies. My heart speeds up for a moment as I weigh the attributes of each cookie. I don't want to make a mistake and take the wrong cookie. That always happens, and I end up resenting my cookie and asking it why it can't be more like the other cookies. I finally settle on the biggest one, though it does seem to have fewer raisins than the others, a drawback that bothers me. Nonetheless, I secure my fingers around the cookie in a defensive death-grip, which means I'll be eating a cookie as well as a little bit of everything else I've touched today. Oh well.

Fyodor Dostoyevsky: Genius or Not Essay

What makes a person a genius? Is it thru the lessons that are taught by teachers or is it a natural phenomenon that we are born with? Some believe that Fyodor Dostoyevsky was a genius because of his epileptic medical condition. We will explore different opinions on the matter and debate if epilepsy could have contributed to his creative mind. Dostoyevsky was a Russian novelist who used his psychological interpretations to create dramatic and dark overtones to his stories. It is argued that the dramatic events in his life, which included his mock execution, imprisonment in a Siberian jail, and his epileptic seizures, put him in a state of mind that helped him to create his greatest characters. He began to have his epileptic episodes while in prison is Siberia. It has been argued that this experience contributed to his new way of thinking about his personal beliefs and how he viewed the world. Could the epileptic episodes have touched on part of the brain that he had never used before? Could it have produced new signals in the brain that created a deeper and more philosophical interpretation of the world he was in? People with epilepsy have an increased risk of poor self-esteem, depression, and suicide. It is not uncommon for people to develop emotional and behavioral problems related to this disease. In his era, epilepsy was not well known about and its characteristics. Many argued about what type of epilepsy that he had. His wife Anna witnessed some of these fits and wrote about it in her biographies. Dostoyevsky used his illness and suffering as a theme to his some of his stories. It influenced many aspects of his work and enabled him to understand and feel things in such depths which would not have been possible had he not suffered from the disease. Dostoyevsky had an intense connection into the human psyche. He was more than a writer. He was a psychologist and a philosopher. He did not have any interest in math, science or any type of engineering degree but he did enjoy architecture and drawing. Art was the main driving force that he tapped into. Could art be a foundation of someone being a genius? Two particular terms are relative to y analysis of Dostoyevsky; genius and epilepsy. What is the definition of genius? â€Å"Genius is a ‘natural talent’, a ‘natural endowment’, which cannot be learnt by anyone precisely because it ‘requires to be bestowed directly from the hand of nature upon each individual. † (Aiello 663) Two meanings of the term are as follows: â€Å"Extraordinary intellectual power especially as manifested in creative activity and/or a person endowed with transcendent mental superiority; specifically: a person with a very high IQ. † (Webster, Genius) What is the definition of Epilepsy? Epilepsy is a â€Å"neurological disorder caused by paroxysmal malfunction of neurons in the brain (seizures). It is characterized by strange movements or sensations in parts of the body, odd behaviors, emotional disturbances, and sometimes convulsions and momentary lapses of consciousness. Seizures may result from abnormal electrical activity in most or all of the brain (generalized), or they may originate in a specific brain area (partial). † (Webster, Epilepsy) Epileptic people have different parts of the brain that can be affected. There are three main types of seizures: petit mal, grand mal, and focal. Petit mal seizures are typically called an â€Å"absence seizure. † They usually are brief lasting around 15 seconds or less. Grand mal seizures usually involve the whole body. People with these types of seizures have vision, smell, taste, hallucinations, sensory changes and dizziness. Focal seizures are considered partial. They can be characterized as simple or complex. Simple ones do not affect awareness or one’s memory. Complex seizures affect awareness or memory. They can interfere with the events before, during or immediately after the seizure. They can also affect behavior. He had a rare form of temporal lobe epilepsy named â€Å"Ecstatic Epilepsy†. Seizures which occurred in the daytime were often preceded by an ecstatic aura, which has led neurologists to theorize that he had temporal lobe epilepsy with secondary grand mal epilepsy. In the four following novels, his characters had epilepsy: The Possessed, The Brothers Karamazov, Insulted and Injured and The Idiot. Sigmund Freud, who was a trained neurologist, described Dostoyevsky’s state as â€Å"an organic brain disease independent of the psychic constitution. † Is an epileptic brain wired differently? Did this attribute to Dostoyevsky’s dark world? Was this the source of his â€Å"genius? † â€Å"Dostoevskii was generally presented as a ‘genius’, whose talent, however, resided in something other than his artistic accomplishments. † (Aiello 660) His unusual type of thinking was attributed to his seizures. Aiello believed that his epilepsy was the main cause of his creative works and not a genuine stance of genius that he was born with. Dostoyevsky’s characters displayed atheist behaviors. The worlds of heaven and hell are all around him and he described seeing the universe imitate the unnatural forces of the universe. He shows how the devil can erase his identity from the human conciseness. â€Å"When translated into abstractions, Dostoevsky’s psychology is as unimpressive as his political theory. It is merely a derivative of theories propounded by German writers about the unconscious, the role of dreams, the ambivalence of human feelings. What makes it electric in the novels is his ability to dramatize it in scenes of sudden revelation; in characters who in today’s terminology would be called split personalities, in people twisted by isolation, lust, humiliation, and resentment. † (Dostoevsky 544) â€Å"Dostoevsky further held that the spiritual world of the modern individual, now deprived of the reference points of reason and torn by antipodal strivings, collides not only with the chaos of the social unit but also with the general natural order of the words, the ontological abysses. (Gurvich-Lishchiner 22) Could this phrase be an accurate measurement of how his mind works? The synapsis of his brain not colliding in perfect harmony, reflect them in different directions which create an alternate reality in which he thrives off of? According to Freud, â€Å"what is generally believed to be epilepsy in men of genius are always straight cases of hysteria. † The reality that he delved into, between God and Satan, exists in a lot of his work. â€Å"This brought the writer back to the globally creative task of confirming that God exists, even in a chaotic and wicked world. (Gurvich-Lishchiner 23). Satan is an abstract basically hiding in plain sight. His perception of how Satan works in the earthly realm seems to be twisted and unjust. According to Hooten, â€Å"Dostoevsky propose a dualistic rivalry between God and Satan, but they both acknowledge Satan as a reality manifested by human pride. † (Hooten 118) He creates these characterizations of the devil as a symbolic way in which he believes a human being thinks and feels. The darkness that empowers him is a fascination that we all explore in our own selves. We fight the good and the bad in our daily lives and with his personal experiences he does the same. â€Å"It is indubitable that Dostoevsky, like all figures in science and the arts, was engaged in a search for his faith, and that this process was the basis of his creative development as a philosopher and man of letters. † (Barsht 37). He uses metaphors of the devil to confirm that God really does exist in our chaotic world. He creates this metaphor by having the devil compel us in unthinkable ways and by not allowing us to see or identify the devil but allowing us to hear him and his suggestions. Science and religion are viewed in two entirely different ways thru Dostoevsky’s eyes. Science needs evidence to determine if something is true or not. Religion is having a greater sense of self and feeling in what you believe. The mind is a complex thing and we need to understand it better. When someone is born are they instantly a genius or does the brain develop over time and introduce things that help to establish the physical description of it when they become of age to identify it? Science demands that the personal life position of the individual be integrated into the known set of hypotheses concerning the structure of the world, which form a sort of dynamic paradigm (â€Å"scientific tradition†). † (Barsht 40) It is documented that he attended seances to investigate in the spiritual world and to see if it really does exist. â€Å"It seems that Dostoevsky went to the February seance in order to verify his conjectures through personal experience. † (V initsky 103). I believe this is what began his quest in determining how to fit the devil into his own world and how he could relate to the spiritual side. Dostoevsky believed if a devil doesn’t exist, that we then create him in our own image. He was a very spiritual person and it seems that when he used the Devil, he brought out the good and contrasted it with the bad in his writings. As stated earlier, Dostoevsky thinks that the devil can be created from man’s pride. Pride is a state of being that we all have dealt with and can relate to. Pride can create a downward spiral of someone’s character and produce tragic results. He created these types of works that entered into the human psyche and pulled out these characteristic traits. But can someone’s pride be altered? Did his health affect this part of his personality? So to help understand him better, we look at his epileptic nature and wonder if it affected his thinking or how he perceived things. The mind works in mysterious ways. It is documented that when a person has problems with the brain it could alter their state of mind in which they annot relate to people or things on a â€Å"normal† basis. We can define â€Å"normal† as someone viewing the world the same way that we do or who identifies with our own religion and doesn’t question it or its intentions. But when someone does seem abnormal we instantly criticize that person and wonder what that person is about. What pushes them into the things they do, see, or hear? All these questions are still being asked of Dostoevsky today. He is criticized for his works and sometimes has been labeled as a gothic writer and others have called him a true genius in which other famous writers are compared to him. Art differs from science in its mediated formation of a vision of the world not out of the sensually perceived material of immediately accessible reality, as in the natural sciences. † (Barsht 43) Instead of being seen as â€Å"abnormal† the term â€Å"art† comes into play. We use the term so loosely that we can make it fit into any category that we choose. So, if Dostoevsky had seizures could his art of writing be contributed to this part of his talent? If he didn’t experience seizures in his life, would he still possess the same thought provoking ideas and creations in his work? There is a great debate in whether Dostoevskii’s epilepsy was considered a form of mental illness in which he fostered his ideas from or was his genius a true part of his nature in which he used and pulled from and was the basis for his writing skills. â€Å"Science demands that the personal life position of the individual be integrated into the known set of hypotheses concerning the structure of the world, which form a sort of dynamic paradigm (â€Å"scientific tradition†). † (Barsht 40) Authors are debating and establishing guidelines when authenticating an author. This debate will go on when deciding the true meaning of genius.

The Law of Attraction

THE LAW OF ATTRACTION The study on the Law of Attraction surrounds the issue concerning the concept that humans have the ability to draw wanted and unwanted objects into their lives through what is created by one’s thoughts and energy. To change a way of life, one must change his/her way of thought. The Law of Attraction proves to be the most powerful law in the universe, as is shown through the study of quantum physics and the relationship between the flow of energy into and out of the body.If humans learn to manifest the energies of the universe and one’s own being in a proper manner, we will be able to accomplish everything our hearts desire, according to the Law of Attraction. The study on the Law of Attraction proves the Law to be an active contributor towards improving quality of life, both in person and professional aspects. The Law of Attraction is the most powerful universal law. In theory, people are able to create their own reality through their thoughts (Hic ks 9). This underlying concept leads to the misconception that the Law of Attraction doesn’t exist since it is human nature to be denied of certain wants.Many people believe that if we are really able to â€Å"create our own identity,† the human species would not fail in any aspect of life. However, the Law of Attraction claims that we attract both the things we want and don’t want through the force of our thoughts and the energy we give off into the universe (Losier 26). In order to properly explain the credibility of the Law of Attraction, famous scientists Einstein and Hawking convey the study of Quantum Physics, along with the M Theory and String Theory, as the scientific principle that suggests the concept in which thoughts become matter.The thoughts we create in our minds through electrical impulses are produced with the same source of energy that creates â€Å"everything from nothing† in the universe. Science researchers have studied brain waves an d found a direct correlation between the frequency of waves and the way people view life. Lower frequencies are related to those with pessimistic lifestyles in contrast to higher frequencies for those with active intellects (Baska).These brain frequencies are then transmitted through energy into the Universe and become reality through theory of Quantum Physics, which states that thoughts equal energy, energy equals matter, and thus thoughts equal matter (Pillay 98). Such scientific principles attempt to explain the existence of the Law of Attraction, and though much logic is involved within these principles, many of the science-related claims regarding the existence of the Law of Attraction are based too much on hype and too little on science research.The Law of Attraction is a growing phenomenon that may very well have diluted truth, but is presented to the public with goals of strategic marketing in order to achieve the instant gratification that â€Å"The Secret† has sold. In order to prove its validity, there must be further studies regarding the gateway concept that is the Law of Attraction. As for the book, movie and audio clips, these were all tools used to revitalize what was a weakened motivational industry.Despite my belief in its existence, there is little to no scientific evidence to support the theory, and no carried out controlled experiment to suggest the â€Å"so-called† law actually works (Sloan). Those who do not believe in the principles of the Law of Attraction claim that The Law of Attraction, in its simplest form, is no more than a pawn scheme serving as substitution for self-help concepts that actually work. Positive thinking, self-belief, visualization and goal setting are all motivational scripts proposed by authors like Rhonda Byrne through their best-selling books (Sloan).Non-believers claim that the Law of Attraction misleads people into believing that imagery alone will work without action. This is a common misunderst anding about the Law of Attraction surrounding the belief that the Law of Attraction is simply about wishing. However, according to Jung’s scientific concept of Synchronicity, people are able to make things happen due to the relationship between one’s mind and the universe as human thoughts are aligned in a particular way towards a common end, which suggests a pattern in regards to the way reality is created (Pillay 142).Though the major premise of the Law of Attraction involves imagery through the process of thinking to attract desires, the theory behind the Law of Attraction delves deeper into the law of allowance, which is the final process in the Law of Attraction, and is what truly allows the law to come about (Losier 78). The Law of Attraction, in a sense, may be related to concepts like karma, luck, and other wonders that cannot be explained through science alone and oftentimes require a little bit of faith.There may very well be great truth in some of the theor y’s claims, but to say its validity is explained by science is both illogical and false. The hype surrounding the Law of Attraction arose out of clever marketing skills, and consequently science was merely used as an attempt to give validity to the obscure concept that is the Law of Attraction. It is up to the individual to determine whether or not they will follow the steps required by the Law of Attraction in order to change their life.It is up to the individual to determine whether or not they will act kindly towards others to receive positive karma in turn. As for me, I will remain to follow the advice proposed by motivational writers out there that encourage me to project a positive attitude in order for people to react positively to me. In essence, this is the true definition of the Law of Attraction. WORKS CITED Peter. â€Å"Can Thoughts Make Things Happen? † Breaking News and Opinion on The Huffington Post. Huffington Post, 10 June 2011. Web. 29 Apr. 2012. .Byr ne, Rhonda. The Secret. New York: Atria, 2006. Print. Hicks, Esther, and Jerry Hicks. The Law of Attraction. Carlsbad, CA: Hay House, 2006. Print. Losier, Michael J. Law of Attraction: The Science of Attracting More of What You Want and Less of What You Don't. New York, NY: Wellness Central, 2006. Print. Pillay, Srinivasan. The Science Behind the Law of Attraction. Cambridge, MA: NeuroBusiness Group, 2010. Print. Sloan, Paul. â€Å"The Law of Attraction is a Dangerous Delusion. † LifeHack. StepCase Limited, 31 03 2012. Web. 6 May 2012. .

The Role of the Yellow River in Chinese History

The Role of the Yellow River in Chinese History Many of the worlds great civilizations have grown up around mighty rivers- Egypt on the Nile, the Mound-builder civilization on the Mississippi, the Indus Valley Civilization on the Indus River. China has had the good fortune to have two great rivers: the Yangtze and the Yellow River (or Huang He). The Yellow River is also known as the cradle of Chinese civilization or the Mother River. Usually a source of rich fertile soil and irrigation water, the Yellow River has transformed itself more than 1,500 times in recorded history into a raging torrent that has swept away entire villages. As a result, the river has several less-positive nicknames as well, such as Chinas Sorrow and the Scourge of the Han People. Over the centuries, the Chinese people have used it not only for agriculture but also as a transportation route and even as a weapon. The Yellow River springs up in the Bayan Har Mountain Range of west-central Chinas Qinghai Province and makes its way through nine provinces before it pours its silt out into the Yellow Sea off the coast of Shandong Province. It is the worlds sixth-longest river, with a length of about 3,395 miles. The river runs across central Chinas loess plains, picking up an immense load of silt, which colors the water and gives the river its name. The Yellow River in Ancient China The recorded history of Chinese civilization begins on the banks of the Yellow River with the Xia Dynasty, which lasted from 2100 to 1600 BCE. According to Sima Qians Records of the Grand Historian and the Classic of Rites, a number of different tribes originally united into the Xia Kingdom in order to combat devastating floods on the river. When a series of breakwaters failed to stop the flooding, the Xia instead dug a series of canals to channel excess water out into the countryside and then down to the sea. Unified behind strong leaders and able to produce bountiful harvests since Yellow River floods no longer destroyed their crops so often, the Xia Kingdom ruled central China for several centuries. The Shang Dynasty succeeded the Xia around 1600 BCE and also centered itself on the Yellow River valley. Fed by the riches of the fertile river-bottom land, the Shang developed an elaborate culture featuring powerful emperors, divination using oracle bones,  and artwork including beautiful jade carvings. During Chinas Spring and Autumn Period (771 to 478 BCE), the great philosopher Confucius was born in the village of Tsou on the Yellow River in Shandong. He was almost as powerful an influence on Chinese culture as the river itself. In 221 BCE, Emperor Qin Shi Huangdi conquered the other warring states and established the unified Qin Dynasty. The Qin kings relied on the Cheng-Kuo Canal, finished in 246 BCE, to provide irrigation water and increased crop yields, leading to a growing population and the manpower to defeat rival kingdoms. However, the Yellow Rivers silt-laden water quickly clogged the canal. After Qin Shi Huangdis death in 210 BCE, the Cheng-Kuo silted up entirely and became useless. The Yellow River in the Medieval Period In 923 CE, China was embroiled in the chaotic Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms Period. Among those kingdoms were the Later Liang and the Later Tang dynasties. As Tang armies approached the Liang capital, a general named Tuan Ning decided to breach the Yellow River dikes and flood 1,000 square miles of the Liang Kingdom in a desperate effort to stave off the Tang. Tuans gambit did not succeed; despite the raging floodwaters, the Tang conquered the Liang. Over the following centuries, the Yellow River silted up and changed its course several times, breaking its banks and drowning surrounding farms and villages. Major re-routings took place in 1034 when the river split into three parts. The river jumped south again in 1344 during the waning days of the Yuan Dynasty. In 1642, another attempt to use the river against an enemy backfired badly. Kaifeng city had been under siege by Li Zichengs peasant rebel army for six months. The citys governor decided to break the dikes in hopes of washing away the besieging army. Instead, the river engulfed the city, killing almost 300,000 of Kaifengs 378,000 citizens and leaving the survivors vulnerable to famine and disease. The city was abandoned for years following this devastating mistake. The Ming Dynasty fell to Manchu invaders, who founded the Qing Dynasty just two years later. The Yellow River in Modern China A northward course-change in the river in the early 1850s helped fuel the Taiping Rebellion, one of Chinas deadliest peasant revolts. As populations grew ever larger along the treacherous rivers banks, so too did the death tolls from flooding. In 1887, a major Yellow River flood killed an estimated 900,000 to 2 million people, making it the third-worst natural disaster in history. This disaster helped convince the Chinese people that the Qing Dynasty had lost the Mandate of Heaven. After the Qing fell in 1911, China plunged into chaos with the Chinese Civil War and the Second Sino-Japanese War, after which the Yellow River struck again, this time even harder. The 1931 Yellow River flood killed between 3.7 million and 4 million people, making it the deadliest flood in all of human history. In the aftermath, with war raging and the crops destroyed, survivors reportedly sold their children into prostitution and even resorted to cannibalism to survive. Memories of this catastrophe would later inspire Mao Zedongs government to invest in massive flood-control projects, including the Three Gorges Dam on the Yangtze River. Another flood in 1943 washed away the crops in Henan Province, leaving 3 million people to starve to death. When the Chinese Communist Party took power in 1949, it began building new dikes and levees to hold back the Yellow and Yangtze Rivers. Since that time, floods along the Yellow River have still posed a threat, but they no longer kill millions of villagers or bring down governments. The Yellow River is the surging heart of Chinese civilization. Its waters and the rich soil it carries bring the agricultural abundance needed to support Chinas enormous population. However, this Mother River has always had a dark side to it as well. When the rains are heavy or silt blocks up the river channel, she has the power to jump her banks and spread death and destruction across central China.

Max Planck Formulates Quantum Theory

Max Planck Formulates Quantum Theory In 1900, German theoretical physicist Max Planck revolutionized the field of physics by discovering that energy does not flow evenly but is instead released in discrete packets. Planck created an equation to predict this phenomenon, and his discovery ended the primacy of what  many people now call classical physics in favor of the study of quantum physics. The Problem Despite feeling that all was already known in the field of physics, there was still one problem that had plagued physicists for decades: They could not understand the surprising results they continued to get from heating surfaces that absorb all frequencies of light that hit them, otherwise known as black bodies. Try as they might, scientists could not explain the results using classical physics. The Solution Max Planck was born in Kiel, Germany, on April 23, 1858, and was considering becoming a professional pianist before a teacher turned his attention to science. Planck went on to receive degrees from the University of Berlin and the University of Munich. After spending four years as an associate professor of theoretical physics at Kiel University, Planck moved to the University of Berlin, where he became a full professor in 1892. Plancks passion was thermodynamics. While researching black-body radiation, he too kept running into the same problem as other scientists. Classical physics could not explain the results he was finding. In 1900, 42-year-old  Planck discovered an equation that explained the results of these tests: ENhf, with Eenergy, Ninteger, hconstant, ffrequency. In determining this equation, Planck came up with the constant (h), which is now known as Plancks constant. The  amazing part of Plancks discovery was that energy, which appears to be emitted in wavelengths, is actually discharged in small packets he called quanta. This new theory of energy revolutionized physics and opened the way for Albert Einsteins theory of relativity. Life After Discovery At first, the magnitude of Plancks discovery was not fully understood. It wasnt until Einstein and others used quantum theory for even further advancements in physics that the revolutionary nature of his discovery was realized. By 1918, the scientific community was well aware of the  importance of Plancks work and awarded him  the Nobel Prize in Physics. He continued to conduct research and contribute further to the advancement of physics, but nothing compared to his 1900 findings. Tragedy in His Personal Life While he achieved much in his professional life, Plancks personal life was marked by tragedy. His first wife died in 1909, his oldest son, Karl, during  World War I. Twin girls,  Margarete and Emma, both later died in childbirth. And his youngest son, Erwin, was implicated in the failed  July Plot to kill Hitler and was hanged. In 1911, Planck did remarry and had one son, Hermann. Planck decided to remain in Germany during World War II. Using his clout, the physicist  tried to stand up for Jewish scientists, but with little success. In protest, Planck resigned as president of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute in 1937. In 1944, a bomb dropped during an Allied air raid hit his house, destroying many of his possessions, including all his scientific notebooks.   Max Planck died on October 4, 1947, at the age of 89.

Cultural differences dictated by differences in foods consumed affect Research Paper

Cultural differences dictated by differences in foods consumed affect the diabetes prevalence rates - Research Paper Example Exposure to these foods over a long period of time exposes them to different types of diabetes. Other cultures have gone a step further and modified their foods to meet different tastes and references. The modified foods may also contain high levels of sugar. A high level of sugar in food translates to diabetes when a person becomes overweight or develops high blood sugar. It is important to note that eating foods containing high levels of sugar does not necessarily mean that a person is exposed to diabetes. Some cultures also consume food which is high in calories which eventually leads to weight gain. Lack of exercise to burn out the excess calories contributes to diabetes. Diabetes related problems also bring about visual complications. If untreated, visual complications cause blindness. This situation is also influenced by the different types of foods consumed (AHRQ 1). Some cultural diets are known to contain too much syrup, other contain too much carbohydrates and many other types of foods that contain sugar. Different cultures also have different eating patterns and lifestyle that exposes them to diabetes. When treating patient with diabetes, doctors always consider the traditional diet of the patient. Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). Diabetes Disparities Among Racial and Ethnic Minorities. U.S Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2001. Retrieved from

Servicescape Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Servicescape - Essay Example The amplified significance of providing exceptional service is obvious in service marketing contents. This report presents the fundamentals of servicescape in the Emirates and their influence on customers’ viewpoints based on Bitner model (Bitner, 1992).Emirates   airways was set up in 1946 with a starting fleet of 138 aircrafts. It is currently a huge airline based in Qatar operating 172 destinations in 39 countries providing passenger and cargo services. The servivescape elements found on Emirates Airlines include ambient conditions, colour, lighting, physical designs, background music, artefacts, functionality, and signs. The service the paper will deal with is air transport with special consideration with Emirates airlines.Introduction and Research QuestionsIn the past couple of years, researchers and marketing managers have identified with the features of servicescape terming them as useful in the attraction and retaining of consumers particularly in the service industr y. This research purposes to answer one major question and that is there any impact of servicescapes on marketing? The research seeks to identify the effect of this environment on five employees and five consumers. The study will analyse the relationship between the use of servicescapes and the increase in clientele in Emirates Airlines. It will also show the effect of the environment in the Emirates on five customers and employees (Barsky & Nash, 2003). In this chapter, the methodology of the research consisted of four sections.